There are more than one dozen of 8－10m class optical/IR telescopes recently completed, presently under construction, or planed. The construction of these large telescopes in astronomy has brought new opportunities for astrophysical research using high-resolution spectroscopy, in the meanwhile, the designer of high resolution spectrographs for these large telescope must also respond to new challenges. In this paper, difficulties and constrains of designing high  resolution spectrograph for very large telescope are analyzed. High-resolution spectrographs designed or built for the Keck, Subaru, VLT, Hobby-Eberly and Gemini telescopes are described and their design characteristics are summarized. Some new technology and novel design concepts developed in these spectrographs, such as white pupil, very steep replicated mosaic echelles and immersed grating are discussed.