夏商周断代工程及其天文学问题
刘次沅
(中国科学院陕西天文台 临潼 710600)
(中国科学院国家天文台 北京 100012)
摘 要
《夏商周断代工程》由文献、考古、古文字、碳14测年和天文学等方面的专家联合攻关,致力于推进我国早期年代学研究的发展。天文学在五星聚合、三代大火、国外天象、仲康日食、夏小正、禹伐三苗、甲骨文天象、武王伐纣、天再旦、金文历谱、周代历法、计算中心等专题中起了主要或重要作用。天文方法确定的宾组月食、武王伐纣和天再旦年代被作为断代工程结论而采用,成为夏商周年表的重要支撑点;铜器铭文中的月相记录也是西周列王年代的重要依据。
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关键词 |
天文年代学
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天文学史
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中国古代史
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古代天象记录 |
分类号 |
P1-09 |
Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project and Its
Astronomical Problems
Liu Ciyuan
( Shaanxi Observatory,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lintong 710600 )
(
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100012 )
Abstract
“Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project”incorporates more than 200
experts on historical literature, ancient script, archeology,
astronomy and C-14 measurement to promote early Chinese chronology (Xia,
Shang, Zhou dynasties). Various astronomical problems have been
studied in 12 seperate groups. They are conjunctions of the five
planets during the dynasties; Fire star for seasons determination; the
famous solar eclipse in King Zhongkang's time; horizontal stars
positions in Calendar Xiaxiaozheng; solar eclipse in King Yu; the
lunar and solar eclipses recorded on oracle bones; celestial phenomena
took place on King Wu's conquest; “double dawn” solar eclipse;
lunar phase series on bronzes; calendar regulation of Zhou dynasty,
and a comparison with foreign chronology. The astronomical conclusions
of King Wuding by 5 lunar eclipses, King Wu by various astronomical
records, King Yi by “double dawn” eclipse have been accepted as
important frame of the Xia Shang Zhou chronology list while the years
of west Zhou dynasty depended on the records of lunar phases. |
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Key words |
chronology -
history of astronomy -
early Chinese history -
ancient astronomical records |
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