Structure and dynamics of galaxies are reviewed from the point of galactic formation and evolution scenario. The content includes: (1) Physical characteristics (such as space distribution, dynamical and chemical properties) of main ingredients of galaxies and their formation and evolution are described. (2) Damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs) are believed to be proto-galaxies of the local galaxies. DLAs observation is one of the main targets of HST.  Formation mechanism for wide spectral profile, star formation and chemical evolution of DLAs are discussed. (3) Lyman Break technique has been proven to be a powerful tool to discover galaxies with high star formation rate at high redshift. Dynamical and star formation processes of Lyman break galaxies are discussed. (4) Scaling law of spiral and elliptical galaxies is one of questions needed to be explained by theories of galactic formation and evolution. Recent progress in the scaling law of galaxies is reviewed. (5) Feedback process of supernova explosion has important effect on galactic formation and evolution. Its influence on galactic evolution is reviewed. (6) Contributions of different objects on extragalactic radiation background have already become one important research object due to accumulation of observational data. Cosmic star formation history and chemical evolution are discussed. (7) Milky Way galaxy is regarded as a standard for exploring galactic formation and evolution. Structure, dynamics and evolution of the Milky Way are introduced.