介绍了有关宇宙微波背景辐射(CBR)观测和理论研究的最新进展。叙述了基于COBE 卫星的观测宇宙学，包括对背景辐射谱、各向异性的观测结果及其理论意义；并系统介绍 了CBR各向异性形成的各种机制；展望了下一代宇宙微波背景探测器(MAP和PLANCK)的 科学目标和主要技术参数。
The recent progress on observation and theory of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CBR) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the observational cosmology based on COBE satellite is presented, including the observational results of the spectrum and anisotropy of CBR, as well as the theoretical significance of these results. Then a variety of mechanisms on the formation of the anisotropy of CBR are described. Finally the scientific objective and major technical parameters of the next-generation detectors of CBR (MAP and PLANCK) are highlighted.