近地小行星由于与地球的特殊关系为世人所瞩目，对其研究始于50年代， 近年来已成为太阳系动力学中的一个热门课题。全面地介绍了近年来关于近 地小行星(小天体)的研究状况，包括对近地小行星轨道演化的研究方法和主要结 果。阐明了在轨道演化过程中相应力学模型的选取、有关数值方法的引用以及积 分步长变化的处理等具体问题，并介绍了轨道长期共振的作用以及对这种共振的 处理方法，最后给出了根据目前研究所知 的与地球轨道距离最近的一些小行星的 轨道特征等。

The Near-Earth Asteroids(NEAs) are now highly paid attention to by the world for their special relationship with the Earth, and the study began in the 19 50's, while it has become a pop topic in the solar system dynamics recently. In this paper the research of the NEAs has been thoroughly reviewed, and the exploration methods of the orbital evolution and the main results with respect to the NEAs are included. Moreover, we firstly throw light on the selection of the corresponding mechanical model, the adoption of the numerical methods and the procession of the variation of the integration stepsize during the orbital evolution, then introduce the effect of the secular orbital resonance and the treatment of the resonance, finally show the orbital features of the asteroids nearest to the Earth according to the present investigation.