简要而系统地介绍IERS 1996规范采用的地球引力势模型和各种测量模型，着 重叙述了其与IERS 1992标准相比所作的改进。规范用JGM---3地球引力势模型取 代GEM---T3模型，在计算地球 潮汐形变产生的附加势时展开到3阶，并考虑了地幔的滞弹效应。在测站位移的计算中，规 范引入了3阶洛夫数，计及地幔的滞弹性，引入了计算冰后期回弹的ICE--4G模型，列出了 改正VLBI观测中天线形变改正的公式。关 于地球自转和极移中的潮汐变化，规范列出了周日和半日潮的带形部分。关于对流层折射和 延迟，规范引入了3个新的映射函数模型。关于太阳的反射辐射压，规范增加了T3模型。这 些模型能适合于精度为1mm的计算要求。但其中某些模型还有待进一步优化。

The Geopotential and Measurement Models adopted by IERS 1996 Conventions are briefly and systematically presented, and the major improvements relative to IERS 1992 Standards are described. In the Conventions the geopotential model JGM-3 is applied instead of GEM-T3. The geopotential is developed up to degree 3 and the visco-elastic effect of the earth mantle is taken account in calculating tidal deformation. In the calculation of site displacement, 3-degree Love numbers are introduced, the viscosity of the earth mantle is considered, the ICE-4G model of postglacial rebound is applied, and the formulae of removing antenna deformation in VLBI observations are given. For the tidal variations in the earth's rotation and polar motion, diurnal and subdiurnal zonal tide terms are considered in the Conventions. For the refraction and delay in the troposphere, three new mapping functions are given by the Conventions. For the solar radiation pressure reflectance, the T3 model is introduced. All these models are used to guarantee a precision of 1 mm. But some of them need to be improved further.

Key words International Earth Rotation Service(IERS)---geopotential---measurement model